What are the functional vectors in viral-vector systems and how is the loading ratio determined?

Functional vectors include lentivirus, retrovirus, AAV, and adenovirus; loading ratio is the multiplicity of infection or vector genome copy number per cell, optimized based on target cell type and transduction efficiency.

How is virus titer measured and what methods ensure accuracy?

Virus titer is measured by qPCR, ELISA, or plaque assay; accuracy is ensured using standardized reference materials and replicate measurements.

What parameters are tracked for purity and stability of viral vectors over time?

Purity is tracked via SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and endotoxin assays; stability is monitored by infectivity, particle-to-infectivity ratio, and storage condition tests (e.g., freeze-thaw cycles and temperature).